SERIE RESEARCH mEmORRRDn

Th is paper presents examples of model 1 ing developments in varlous policy fields where economics and ecology meet, often in conflicting situations, i.e. with conflicting objectives. An overview of nature conservation and economie objectives and policy issues is given and a series of policy fields in which practical applications of economic-ecologica! model Iing exist. Th is is illustrated by a select ion of examples of such applications. Gne of the emergent conclusions from the paper is that economic-ecological models have rarely been used for explicit trade-off of conflicting objectives, although the resource and environmental policy issues for which they are built generally imply multiple objectives. Most economic-ecological models reviewed in this paper rather analyze the impacts of conflicting objectives on the economie and ecological systems respectively.